Early signs of youth dating violence are often subtle forms of psychological/emotional abuse including verbal criticism, personal and public degradation (e.g., shaming), jealous and possessive behaviours, and threats of aggression. These subtle behaviours are often overlooked. Other signs of youth dating violence include changes in physical appearance, changes in behaviours with peers or in the classroom, and a relationship that appears to lack balance. More specific signs of youth dating violence are outlined below.
Research has identified a number of factors that are associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing and/or perpetrating youth dating violence. These include individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. Explanations for the increased risk include the following:
The following are factors related to an increased risk of experiencing youth dating violence:
The following are factors related to an increased risk of perpetrating youth dating violence:
For more information about these risk factors, including explanations, please refer to Youth Dating Violence: A Literature Review.
There are several negative consequences associated with youth dating violence. It is linked to mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviours, disordered eating, and problematic substance use. Engagement in risky sexual behaviours is also associated with youth dating violence, leading to an increased likelihood of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. In addition, physical injury, poor academic performance, and decreased social networks are outcomes of youth dating violence.
Youth dating violence is a risk factor for experiencing future partner violence and unhealthy relationships into adulthood.